A nickel, chromium and molybdenum based material, that is destined to address welding concerns is Hastelloy C276. This is mainly because one can perform welding process very easily, and they can be easily formed. High ductility is also shown. Other than this, because it has higher contents of chromium, nickel and molybdenum, they offer superior corrosion resistance.
1. Hastelloy C276 hardness
When hardness is taken as an advantageous factor, below is the table which comprises hardness for C276 Hastelloy.
| Type | Rockwell hardness | Brinell hardness | Hardness Rockwell c (HRBW) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alloy C276 Sheet | 90RB | 230HB | 88 |
| Hastello C276 Plate | 87RB | 230HB | 88 |
2. Hastelloy C276 density
Below comprises the associated density for Hastealloy. This data is revealed when exposed to temperature conditions of 72°F; with the melting point ranging between 2415-2500°F.
| Property | Temperature in °F | Units | Units in metric | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C276 Hastello Density | 72 | RT | 0.321 lb/in3 | RT | 8.89 g/cm3 |
3. Hastelloy C276 allowable stress
When one considers stress factor for ideal use case, make sure to first check out for below mentioned data for alloy C276.
| Non-exceeded temperatures (°F) |
Max permissible stress (in psi, excluding boiling) |
Including boiling |
|---|---|---|
| 1300 | 3500 | 1600 |
| 1200 | 6000 | 3500 |
| 1100 | 13000 | 6000 |
| 1000 | 17000 | 6600 |
| 900 | 18000 | 6800 |
| 800 | 18000 | 7000 |
| 700 | 19000 | 7200 |
| 600 | 20000 | 7500 |
| 500 | 20000 | 7700 |
| 400 | 21000 | 8000 |
| 300 | 23000 | 8600 |
| 200 | 24000 | 9300 |
| 100 | 25000 | 10000 |
4. Alloy C276 weldability
Because there are two major concerning elements: Mo and W, in the chemical composition, you can easily weld Nickel alloy C276. This is in-fact considered to be one of the most advantageous factors for ideal use case.
With the conventional and modern welding methods, one can easily weld this material grade with the help of PLASMA, GTAW, GMAW and SMAW welding methods. It involves the below mentioned alloy C276 welding procedure:
- Before welding, it does not require any post weld heat treatment.
- After this, removal of heat tint is essential, making the surface area not requiring pickling.
- GTAW pulse technique is widely recommended for use case only when you prefer welding with both filler metal or non-filler metal.
- But when filler metals are joint, choosing appropriate filler metal becomes very important. Ideally, higher Mo content based filler metals are used for this purpose. Hence, the most popular choice considered is ERNiCrMo-10 and ERNiCrMo-4. This is because higher contents of Mo keeps a check on deficient or less Mo contents in dendrite arm spacing. This also does not provide any corrosion resistance scenarios, when exposed to seawater
5. Machining Hastelloy C276
Another advantage comes from exhibiting excellent Hastelloy C276 machinability. Adding to this, one can machine it in the conditions which are annealing.
- The Hastelloy C276 cutting speed are required to be low. This is because is prone to be work-hardening.
- Another factor to be kept in mind is that the engagement of this cutting tool must be with respective to all items.
- Most importantly, for exhibiting good machining, it is also essential to ensure adequate depth of cuts for Hastelloy C276 drilling speeds and feeds. This is done to avoid association or contacting with the work-hardening zone that was formed previously.
6. Resistance to oxidation and non-oxidizing acids
Not only Inconel C276 offers excellent resistance to general corrosion, but it also offers resistance from oxidation and other non-oxidizing acids. This is one of the prominent advantages, when put for ideal use case.
| Condition type | Description |
|---|---|
| Alloy C276 for seawater | When dealing with marine applications or piping systems, they require a material that can withstand extreme pressure conditions and resist oxidation and aqueous corrosions. |
| Nickel alloy C276 compatibility with sulfuric acid | Excellent resistance to acids which are non-oxidizing such as sulphuric acids |
| Hastelloy C276 chloride resistance | It is also a good resistant to chloride gas, solutions of chlorine dioxides and even hypochlorite |
| Alloy C276 galvanic corrosion | Since it has excellent properties inherited to provide resistance to both oxidizing and reducing environments, it is demanded by many industrial standards |
| Inconel C276 in caustic service | Pure caustic conditions, where this grade is demanded most favourable to deliver non-degraded performance |
| Hastelloy C276 cryogenic | Because of high contents of nickel, chromium and molybdenum it is suitable for cryogenic applications. Hence, it is widely suggested for industrial standards to use it |
| C276 resistance to hydrochloric acid | When exposed to room temperatures or up to 120°F, it shows excellent resistance at this temperature to hydrochloric acids. |
7. Hastelloy C276 stress corrosion cracking
Because they comprise higher contents of nickel, chromium and molybdenum, Hasteloy C276 offers not only general corrosion resistance, but also offers resistance from stress corrosion cracking. This property is delivered because of the addition of tungsten in chemical mixture. This is another benefit for covering wide range of industrial standards.
8. Alloy C276 material heat treatment
For delivering excellent properties, C276 Hastealloy can be solution heat treated. For this, 2050°F is the suitable temperature conditions. It is then quenched rapidly.
Very important factor to be kept in mind that prior to installation or final fabrication, the hot-formed parts must be then solution-heat treated.
9. Nickel alloy C276 thermal conductivity
This is another advantage of Hastelloy C276 material. Below comprises the associated tabular data, which every user is requested to go through it once. This would provide a clear picture about the product accordingly.
| Units (in W/m-k) | Temperature (in °F) |
|---|---|
| 28.1 | 2000 |
| 26.7 | 1800 |
| 24.9 | 1600 |
| 22.9 | 1400 |
| 20.9 | 1200 |
| 19 | 1000 |
| 16.9 | 800 |
| 15 | 600 |
| 13 | 400 |
| 11.1 | 200 |
| 10.2 | 100 |
| 9.4 | 0 |
| 8.6 | -100 |
| 7.2 | -270 |
Here, W/m-k refers to the metric units, at each temperature.
Other useful & technical data about Alloy C276 material
Hastelloy C276 minimum temperature limits/ low temperature limits
The suitable temperature conditions for working with alloy C276 material ranges between 870-1230°C. But this temperature condition is required for the process of hot forming.
Hastelloy C276 maximum temperature
When put for ideal use case, it is seen that C276 Inconel can be operated up to 1900°F temperature conditions. But still at this temperature, it offers excellent operations in most of the oxidizing environments that are strong; such as nitric acids (hot and concentric)
Hastelloy C276 modulus of elasticity
Below comprises elasticity module for C276 Hastaloy, which customers can check out for getting a brief idea.
| Type | Heat treating condition | Testing temperature (°F) | Elasticity modulus (psi) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Plates | 2050°F, with rapid quenching | 1000 | 25.5 |
| 800 | 26.4 | ||
| 600 | 27.3 | ||
| 400 | 28.3 | ||
| Room temperature | 29.8 |
Hastelloy C276 chemical composition
The chemical composition of C276 alloy offers wide range of benefits for industrial applications. Below comprises the data for the same.
| Components | Component percentage |
|---|---|
| Mo (Molybdenum) | 15-17 |
| Ni (Nickel) | 57 |
| Cr (Chromium) | 14.5-16.5 |
| W (Tungsten) | 3-4.50 |
| Fe (Iron) | 4-7 |
| V (Vanadium) | 0.35 |
| Mn (Manganese) | 1 |
| P (Phosphorous) | 0.025 |
| S (Sulphur) | 0.010 |
| Si (Silicon) | 0.080 |
| C (Carbon) | 0.010 |
| Co (Cobalt) | 2.50 |
Hastelloy C276 mechanical properties
Excellent mechanical properties are provided by C276 material at elevated temperature conditions. Reflecting upon this, below comprises data for the same.
| Mechanical properties | Units (in MPa) |
|---|---|
| Tensile strength: at 1000°F, with 4.8-25.4 thickness. | 601.2 |
| Hardness | 87 |
| Yield strength: offset of 0.2% and 2.40mm thickness at 427°C, thickness of 0.0945 at 801°F | 204.8 |
| Break elongation: at 1.6-4.7mm thickness and for 50.8mm at 204°C, and for thickness range 0.0630-0.185 in 399°F | 56% |
| Melting point | 2415-2500°F |
| Modulus of elasticity | 205 GPa |
Hastelloy C276 alternative material
Non-availability of Inconel alloy C276 material makes a customer to look out for an alternative material.
The alternative for the same is alloy C22. There are other alternatives too, but this one just wins the race. This is because they offer exception resistance to many corrosive environments; where the environment is also aggressive.
Applications of Hastelloy C276
Because of the large scale benefits that are offered by C276 Hastealloy material, it covers wide range of applications.
Uses and applications
- Because of high temperature tolerance, used in oil and gas industries.
- Chemical processing equipment.
- Generation of power.
Is Hastelloy C276 nace compliant
Because it offers prominent and exceptional resistance to many aggressive corrosive environments and that it also resists stress-corrosion cracking, C276 Inconel alloy is certified for services of oil and gas; as per NACE MR0175.
Alloy C276 Comparison with other alloys
| Hastelloy C276 | Alloy C22 | Duplex | Alloy 20 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price Per kg in India (Sheet/ Plate) |
US $52/kg | US $58/kg | US $5.70/kg | US $21/kg |
| Molybdenum content percentage | 15-17% | 13% | 3% | 2-3% |
| Max Temperature Limit | Up to 1800°F, for delivering good oxidation resistance | Less than 1250°F, to avoid embrittling formation | Restricted up to 250°C temperature, to avoid embrittlement formation | Ideal for use case up to 930°F |
| Nickel content percentage | 57% | 56% | 5-6% | 32-38% |
| Chromium content percentage | 14.5-16.5% | 22% | 22% | 19-21% |
| UNS | UNS N10276 | UNS N06022 | UNS S31803/2205 | UNS N08020 |
| WNR. | 2.4819 | WNR 2.4602 | 1.4462 | 2.4660 |
| Inconel 625 | SS316 | Titanium | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Price Per kg in India (Sheet/ Plate) |
US $48/kg | US $5.30/kg | US $28/kg (Gr2) |
| Time to Cracking | Within 1008 hours, no cracking visible | Within 576 hours, no cracking visible | Within 1000 hours, no cracking visible |
| Max Temperature Limit | Up to 1800°F, for resisting oxidation and aqueous corrosions | Up to 870°C | Operational up to 600°C |
| Nickel content percentage | 61% | 10% | 55% |
| Chromium content percentage | 22% | 16% | 6% |
| UNS | UNS N06625 | UNS S31600 | For grade 1 (UNS R50250), grade2(UNS R50400) grade 3(UNS R50500) and for grade 4(UNS R50700) |
| WNR. | 2.4865 | 1.4401 | 3.7165 |
| SS316L | Super Duplex | Monel 400 | Hastelloy X | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Price Per kg in India (Sheet/ Plate) |
US $4.30/kg | US $8.20/kg | US $43/kg | US $72/kg |
| Molybdenum content percentage | 2-3% | 5% | Not present | 8-10% |
| Max Temperature Limit | 925°C (@ continuous service conditions) | Between -58-572°F | Ideal for use case up to 1000°F. | Offers oxidation resistance up top 2200°F. |
| Nickel content percentage | 10% | 3.5-8% | remainder | Not present |
| Chromium content percentage | 16% | 25% | Not present | 20.5-23% |
| UNS | UNS S31603/S31600 | UNS S32750 | UNS N04400 | UNS N06002 |
| WNR. | 1.4404 | 1.4410 | 2.4360 / 2.4361 | 2.4665 |
Hastelloy c276 equivalent material
| DIN equivalent | DIN 2.4819 |
|---|---|
| UNS | UNS N10276 |
Hastelloy C276 cast equivalent (CW-12MW)
| ASTM | ASTM A494 |
|---|---|
| UNS | UNS N30002 |
| DIN | 2.4686 GNiMo17Cr |
Hastelloy C276 ASTM Standard
| Pipes |
|
Fittings (B/W) | ASTM B366 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Tubes | ASTM B622 | Fittings (Forged) & Flanges | ASTM B564 |
| Plates | ASTM B575/ ASTM B906 | Fasteners | ASTM B574 |
| Bars/ Rods | ASTM B574 | Wires | ASTM B574 |